Internal-combustion engine.



W. P; MILLER. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 19,1905.

L T E E 1% am JE mm t2 n. e t a W. F. MILLER. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

' APP-LIOATION FILED JULY 19,1905. v I 1,050,779, Patented Jan. 14, 1913.

2 sums-$111131 2.

1 1 O s 7 I 1 J 1 v. V I \K 1 0 1 1 WILLIAM F. MILLER, or N'EwroN, MASACHUSETTS;

INrEnNAL-coMBUsT oN ENGINE.

. Specification of Letters IPatent.

Patented Jan.14,1913.

Application filed July 19, 1905. Serial No. 270,357.

To all whomz't may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM F. MILLER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Newton, county of Middlesex, and'State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawing, is a specification, like letters on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention relates to an internal combustion engine, and it has for its object to provide an engine ofthis type in which crude oils, such as crude petroleum, can be successfully used as a fuel.

The main difficulty which has been experienced in prior attempts to use crude petroleum as a fuel in internal combustion en-- gines is that the combustion of the crude petroleum generates a residue which soon clogs the interior parts of the engine to such an extent as to render effective operation impossible. In my present invention I have provided a novel construction by means of which this disadvantage is entirely eliminated, and an engine embodying my invention can be operated continuously for an indefinite period of time, without any danger of the sparking device 'or other operative parts of the engine becoming clogged by a coking operation.

[Another difliculty which has been experiencedin prior attempts to use crude petroleum is that the valves of the engine are continually getting clogged. I avoid this difliculty in my present invention by eliminating all valves and substituting therefor a forcing mechanism which is adapted to force charges of oil under pressure in the forin of a spray into the cylinder at proper times.

My improved engine comprises means to deliver to the cylinder at predetermined times oil under pressure and in the form of a spray, and other means to deliver an approprlate amount of compressed air to the The compressed alr and Oll are cylinder. delivered'into the cylinder when the piston is at the end of its power stroke, and during the backward stroke of said piston, the commingled air and sprayed oil is highly compressed, and at the appropriate time is red by a suitable sparking plug. The means I employ for delivering the charges of oil into the cylinder is so constructed that it is impossible for 'it to become clogged by any impurities or foreign matter in the crude petroleum, and the manner of introducing and firing'the charge is such that no coking of the parts results. In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side View of my improved engine with parts broken out to better show the interlor construction; Fig. 2 is a section on the line a2 --a,

Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a detail of the crank-shaft; Fig. 4 is a view of the spray device; Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view of the pump for forcing separate charges of oil into the cylinder; Fig. 6 is a sectionon the line y3 'Fig. 5; Fig. is a view of the cylinder of the pump; F 1g. 8 is a view of the piston,

struction, and 4 the piston which operates within the cylinder. Said piston is connected by means of a suitable piston-rod to a crank-shaft 5, the crank 6 of which operates in a crank-case 7 As stated above, myimproved engine is so arranged that air is forced into the cylinder at approximately the same time that the charge of oil is delivered thereto. One convenient way of thus delivering the air to" the cylinder at the proper time is to make use of'the piston 4 as the air pump and also as the valve for opening and closing the air-supply port, and in the drawings, I have shown the piston arranged to operate in this way. For this purpose, the lower end of the cylinder opens into and communicates with the interior of the crank-case 7, and the ends of the crankcase are closed by suitable heads 8 through which the crank-shaft 5 projects. The

closed crank-case also communicates with results. According to this arrangement, air

is admitted to the crank-case through both.-

an inlet-port '11 which is controlled by a suitablebheck-valve 12, and through a bypass port 13 which opens through the side of the cylinder into the interior thereof. During the upward stroke of the piston air is drawn into the crank-case through the port 11, and when the piston has nearly reached the upper end of its stroke, it uncovers the port 13 thereby permitting an added quantity of air to enter the crank-case through said port. At the beginning of the downward stroke of the piston it covers and closes the port 13, and the further downward stroke compresses the air within the crank-case, the check-valve 12 preventing the air from escaping through the port 11;

When the cylinder has reached approximately the endof its downward or power stroke, the piston uncovers the supply-port 10, and the compressed air within the crankcase is admitted to the cylinder above the piston through said port.

As stated above, the crude oil is delivered under pressure to the cylinder in small measured charges, this delivery of the oil occurring substantially simultaneously with Y the forcingof air into the cylinder. The oil is delivered into the cylinder'through a spray device 14 which is formed with a spray-nozzle 15. I have secured best results by using a spray-nozzle of the shape shown in Figs; 4 and 12 that is, one in which the eduction aperture is in theform of a narrow slit. This nozzle is connected by a- The pump-cylinder has an inlet-port 20- therein and an-outlet-port 21, the inlet-port communicating with a suitable inlet-pipe 22,

. andtlie outlet-port with an outletnipple 23 to which the pipe 16 is connected. The piston, or plunger I have herein shown is hollow for part of its length and is open at itsupper or inner end. It alsohas an inlet-port 24 and an outlet-port 25 which are adapted to register at proper times in the reciproca tion of the plunger with the inlet and outlet-ports of the. pumpcylinder. The upper end of the pump-cylinder 18 is closed, and

the pump-piston 19 is reciprocated by suitable mechanism hereinafter described.

When the piston is in the position shown in Fig. 5, its inlet-port 24 registers with the inlet-port of the cylinder and oil is admitted to the interior of the piston.

There is preferablya small quantity of air confined in the upper end of the pump-cylinder 18, and as the piston'moves upwardly after having received its char e of oil, thereby closing' the inlet-port'24, t is air is compressed and the oil is subjected to pressure. As soon as the outlet-port 25 of the pumppiston registers with the outlet-port 21 of the pump-cylinder, the charge of oil which is thus subjected to considerable pressure is forced out into the pipe 16 and from thence through the spray device into the cylinder by the expansive action of the compressed air in the pump-cylinder.

One convenient way of mounting the pump-cylinder is herein illustrated, although my invention is not confined to this construction; As herein shown, the cylinder 18 is confined within a suitable casing 26 which in turn is secured to the engine-cylinder in .any suitable way, said casing having ports therein which communicate with the inlet and outlet-ports of the pump-cylinder ant. to which the pipes 22 and 16 are connected The end of the casing is closed by a suitable head 27 which forms the end of the pumpcylinder. extending through a suitable stufling-box 28 which prevents any leakage of oil.

The pump-piston may be operated in any suitable way. The engine herein shown is a two-cycle engine, and the piston, therefore, reciprocates synchronously with the rotation of the crank-shaft. In this type of engine I prefer to operate the pump-piston directly from the crank-shaft, and for this purpose have connected the lower end of the pump-piston to the eccentric-rod 29 of an eccentric-strap 30 which surrounds a cam or eccentric 31 on the crank-shaft.

My invention also involves means whereby the quantity of oil or the size of each charge of oil can be varied accordin to the demands made upon the engine. accomplish this regulation of the size of the charge in the present embodiment of my invention by making the pump-piston capa ble of rotation in the pump-cylinder, there- The pump-cylinder is shown as by to vary the size of the inlet and outletports. When the p-ump piston has the position relative to the pump-cylinder shown in Figs. and 10, the inlet and outlet-ports are fully open and the maximum charge of oil is delivered. If said pump-piston were rotated within the cylinder, the inlet and out- 'has occurred and just after theair-supply port 10 has been completely opened andsuflicient air has been admitted through the airsupply port 10 to scavenge the cylinder the outlet-ports in the pump-piston and pumpcylindr are brought into communication and the charge of oil is delivered into the engine cylinder through the spray device 14. The spray of oil is thus delivered into the incoming current ofcompressed air and thus becomes thoroughly commingled with the air. Upon the return stroke of the pis- 1 ton, the commingled charge of air and atomized oil is highly compressed, and at the proper time it is fired by a suitable sparking plug 36. During the upward movement f of the piston, air is drawn into the crank- I 38 around the crank-shaft where it passes through the heads 8 so as to make case through the port 11, and when the piston reaches the extreme upper, limit of its stroke, the port 13 is uncovered and air is admitted therethrough.

I have found that by delivering the oilinto the cylinder under pressure and in the form of a spray at the same time that air is forced into the cylinder, and then 00111-' pressing the commingled air and oil to a high degree before firing it, that complete combustlon takes place, and'there is no danger of the parts becoming clogged by the coking operation.

In order to obtain the highest efiiciency from my improved engine, it is desirable to j regulate the amount of air delivered to the 1 cylinder so that it will have the roper proportion to the char e of oil. charges of oil are sing-injected into the cylinder, a smaller quantity of air is necessary than when larger charges of oil are being used. I v

For regulating the amount of air F delivered at each stroke, I have shown a regulating valve 37 which controls the duct 9 r and by which the duct may be closed more or less according to theamount of airwhich it is desired to use at each charge.

I prefer to place suitable packing-rings tight ]Oll1t at this point.

In Fig. 10 I have illustrated a starting or coaxing device which may be employed if desired toassist in starting the engine. This comprises merely an oil-cup 38 adapted to contain gasolene or some other volatile oil which is connected to the air hen small' what I claim as new an airduct by means of a suitable pipe 40. 41

designates a suitable valve which controls the supply of oil from' the oil-cu to the pipe 40. In starting theengine t e valve 41 may be opened to admit a small quantity of volatile oil to the pipe 40 and duct 9, and then when the crank-shaft is started by hand, the piston operates to force this 011 commingled with air around into, the cylinder where it is exploded.

'- I find that better results are secured when a certain volume of the burnt gases is retained in the cylinder after exhaust to be commingled with the-fresh charge of commingled oil and air, the presence of the proper amount of burnt gases assistinggreatly in keeping the interior parts of the engine free from a deposit of coke and other residues. To thus secure the retention of the certain amount of burnt gas in the cylinder, I make the. upper or inner ,end of the piston with a chamber or recess 42 in which the proper amount of burnt gases is retained at the time of the exhaust.

I have shown the piston as scarfed or cut away at 43 at'a pointv opposite the airinlet port. 10. The wall of this notch 43 constitutes a deflector to direct the incoming charge of oil and gas upwardly to the upper part of the cylinder.

It will be noted that my improved engine contains no regular'in et-valves which are liable to be clogged by the crude petroleum, the pump herein shown taking the place entirely of said valves; The pump is of such construction that it will not be clogged by any crude oils that may be used as fuel. 4 I

The particular kind of pump herein shown is not essential to my invention although it is the type of pump which I prefer to use..

While the drawings show the preferred embodiment of my invention it w1ll be obvious that various changesmay be made in the construction of the device without depressed in the claims.

Having fully described my invention, and desire to secure byLetters Patent is v 1. In an internal combustion engine, a.

cylinder, a piston therein, said cylinder hav- '110 parting from the spirit of the invention ex- A ing an inlet port situatedto be opened by the piston when the latter reaches the end of its power stroke, a spray device having an. elongated mouth situated within said port and ada ted to deliver oil directly into the cylin er, means to force a charge of oil through said spray device each time the port is opened,and other means to force a charge of air, through said ort simultaneously with the admission 0 the oil to the c linder.

2. 11 an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a pump to force separatelcharges of oil into'the cylinder, said pump comprising 'a pump cylinder having an inlet and an outlet port, and a hollow pump piston also' having .aninlet and an outlet" port, and

means. to operate the pump piston to cause the ports thereof to register. at proper times with the ports of the pump cylinder.

3. In an internal combustion en ine a.

cylinder, and means to deliver. oil thereto, said means comprising a pump cylinder having an inlet and an outlet port, and a hollow open-ended pump piston operable in hollow open-ended pump piston operating in said pump cylinder, said piston also having an inlet and an outlet port, and means to reciprocate the piston. 5. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a pump to force charges of oil into the cylinder, said pump comprising a pump cylinder having an inlet and an outlet port, and a' hollow pump piston also having an inlet and an outlet port, and means to vary the size of the ports, thereby to vary the quantity of oil in each charg I 6. In an' internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a pump to force charges of oil into the cylinder, Sald pump comprising a' pump cylinder having an inlet and outlet port, and a hollow pump piston also having aniinlet and outlet port, and means to turn the ump piston relative to the cylinder, there y to vary the size of the ports. v

In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, means to force into the cylinder at each stroke of its piston a quantity of air,

means to'inject into the cylinder at the same time a charge of oil under pressure and in the form of a spray and independent means to regulate the amount of air and oil delivered at each stroke. 8. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having an air supply port con- .nected with a source of air supply, means to force air through said port at predetermined. times, a spray device directed toward the current of air as it enters the cylinder through said port, means to force oil into the cylinder through said spray device and independent means to regulate the amount of air and oil delivered at each stroke.

. 9. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston therein, said cylinder having an inlet port situated to be opened andclosed by the piston when the latter approaches and recedes from the end of its.

powerstroke, means separate from the pistonto place under considerable pressure a fixed charge of oil at each stroke of the engine and to hold said charge under compression until a period of time subsequent to that at which the inlet port is completely opened and then to deliver said charge directly into the cylinder through said port.

10. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston therein, said cylinder having a single inlet port situated to be opened and closed by the piston as the latter approaches and recedes from the end of its power stroke, means to deliver directly into closed by the piston, a flat spray device located Within said port, means to force air into the cylinder through said port, and means to deliver oil through said flat spray device subsequent to the opening of said port whereby the air has time to scavenge the cylinder before the oil is admitted.

12. In an internal combustion engine, :1

- cylinder, a piston therein, said cylinder having an inlet port situated to be opened and closed by the piston-when the latter approaches and recedes from the end of its power stroke, means for'forcing air under pressure into the cylinder through the inlet port when the latter is open, a fuel-feeding pump having inlet and outlet ports, means to open and close said ports, means connecting the outlet port of the pump to the inlet port of the cylinder, and means to operate the pump in timed relation to said piston thereby to place a .charge of oil under compression in the pump during each stroke of the engine and to open'the outlet port of the pump subsequent to the opening of the inlet port of the cylinder and the initial delivery of air therethrough whereby the cylinder will be scavenged by the entering air before the oil is delivered.

13. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having an inlet port, a piston in the cylinder operating to open and close said inlet port, a pump having a compression chamber, meansto put a fixed quantity of oil under pressure in said compression chamber during the powerstroke of the piston, and means other than said piston to open communication between said compres- S10I1 chamber and the cylinder at a period of time subsequent to the opening of said inlet port whereby oil will be delivered to the cylinder under pressure. 14. In an internal combustion engine, a

cylinder having an inlet port, a piston in the cylinder operating to open and close said port, means whereby air is forced into to place fixed charges of oil under compression therein during the power stroke of the piston and to open the outlet port of the pump after the inlet port to the cylinder is open whereby the delivery of oil is delayed until the cylinder is scavenged.

15. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder having a piston therein and a crank shaft, of a pump provided with a piston for feeding oil directly to said cylinder, said pump having inlet and outlet ports which are opened and closed 20 by the movement of the pump piston, and

means to vary the size of the inlet port.

16. In an internal combustionengine, the combination with a cylinder having a PIS- ton therein and a crank shaft, of a pump for 25 feeding oil directly to said cylinder, said pump having inlet and outlet ports, and means to vary the size of the inlet and outlet ports simultaneously i In testimony whereof, I havesigned my 30 name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. WILLIAM F. MILLER. Witnesses LOUIS C. SMITH,

MARGARET A. DUNN. 

